Title | Water, sanitation and hygiene : quantifying the health impact at national and local levels in countries with incomplete water supply and sanitation coverage |
Publication Type | Book |
Year of Publication | 2007 |
Authors | Fewtrell, L, Pruss-Ustun, A, Bos, R, Gore, F, Bartram, J |
Secondary Title | Environmental burden of disease series / WHO |
Volume | no. 15 |
Pagination | viii, 71 p. : 5 fig., 12 tab. |
Date Published | 2007-01-01 |
Publisher | World Health Organization (WHO) |
Place Published | Geneva, Switzerland |
ISSN Number | 9789241595759 |
Keywords | diarrhoeal diseases, disease control, guidelines, health impact, malnutrition, sdihyg, socioeconomic impact, water-related diseases |
Abstract |
This publication presents guidelines for the development of quantitative estimates of health impacts attributable to water, sanitation and hygiene related risks at country or local level. Most of the data available for the methods used cover developing countries. Eleven diseases or injuries are reviewed. For diarrhoea, a calculation method based on access levels to safe water and adequate sanitation service levels is used. The disease burden from malnutrition is linked to water, sanitation and hygiene related risks because of repeated diarrhoea and intestinal nematode infections especially affecting children. Several infectious diseases such as intestinal nematode infections, schistosomiasis, trachoma or dengue are in certain regions almost entirely attributable to WSH-related risks. The fraction of the other diseases, including malaria, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, Japanese encephalitis and drowning that is attributable to WSH is estimated based on expert judgement and, where possible, a systematic review of the literature. Methods for pooling of expert judgement and for systematic literature reviews are outlined. |
Notes | Bibliography: p. 47-53 |
Custom 1 | 245.0 |