Where do Kampala’s poor “go”? Urban sanitation conditions in Kampala’s low-income areas

Results of a representative survey conducted with1’500 poor households in Uganda’s capital during November 2010 show that the majority of Kampala’s urban poor have access to on-site sanitation facilities. Despite the widespread accessibility to sanitation, the conditions of many facilities are unsatisfactorydue to the generally large number of users per stance. This leads to low hygienic standards and waiting times for toilet users. As a result, “flying toilets” is (at least occasionally) still a common practice among the urban poor, and many toilets are abandoned after a relatively short time - thus questioning the true levelof sanitation access in Kampala’s low-income areas. Household investment in good- quality on-site facilitiesis discouraged by the lack of property rights and high prices, often exceeding the average annual percapita income in Kampala’s poor settlements.[authors abstract]