Participatory development tool kit : training materials for agencies and communities

The purpose of this kit is threefold: a. to stimulate development practitioners at all levels to consider and promote participatory approaches, by letting them see and touch materials which actually work in the field; b. to provide trainers with examples of participatory materials and their uses, so they can adapt them for their own purposes; and c. to offer ideas to local artists and field workers so they can create participatory materials that respond to both local needs and culture. The participatory activities covered include: Cup Exercise, Johari's Window, SARAR Resistance to Change Continuum, Three Squares Evaluation, Photo Parade, Force-Field Analysis, Unserialized Posters, Flexi-flans, Map Making, Pocket Chart-Water Use, Gender Analysis-Access to Resources, Task Analysis by Gender, Women's Lives-Needs Assessment, Women's Time Management, Critical Incident Analysis, Three-Pile Sorting Cards-Hygiene Practices, Contamination Routes, Story with a Gap, Pump Repair Issues, What is Poverty? Who is Poor?, Water Group Functioning-Three Star Game, Understanding the Decision-making Process, Women's Confidence, Open-ended Snakes and Ladders and Monitoring Forms. It should be emphasized that these materials represent prototypes which are not meant for direct use in real-life situations - local adaptation will be necessary. An instructional booklet and the 25 activities (stored in activity envelopes) are housed in a portable fold-out satchel. The kit contains two types of materials and activities: a. those intended primarily for trainers and agency staff; and second, those designed particularly for community use, but of relevance to trainers and agency staff as well. A list of trainers with experience in participatory development techniques is included at the end of the booklet, although it is far from exhaustive. The techniques described are based on experiences gained in water and sanitation projects.