Low-income area water supply and sanitation in selected African cities

Part I : water services in low-income areas in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Part II : water and sanitation services in low-income areas of Nairobi, Kenya; Part III : water and sanitation services in low-income areas in Tanzania; Part IV : urban water supply in French-speaking Africa. - Includes references This report is part of the research programme "Institutional Development of Water Services" undertaken by the Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering, Tampere University of Technology. The report describes water and sanitation services in low-income areas in East and West Africa. The Case Studies highlight the problems of poor institutional frameworks, poorly operated infrastructure, weaknesses in management, lack of finance, and socio-cultural differences which hamper the provision of water and sanitation services in low-income areas. Although the report shows that programmes have been successful in raising the living conditions of the poor, it is argued that for long-term sustainability in water supply and sanitation, policies and strategies, and technologies have to be developed on a local basis.