| Title | Fluoride in drinking water |
| Publication Type | Book |
| Year of Publication | 2006 |
| Authors | Fawell, J, Bailey, K, Chilton, J, Dahi, E, Fewtrell, L, Magara, Y |
| Pagination | x, 134 p. : fig., tab. |
| Date Published | 2006-01-01 |
| Publisher | World Health Organization (WHO) |
| Place Published | Geneva, Switzerland |
| ISBN Number | 9241563192 |
| Keywords | alum, bones, charcoal, chemical precipitation, chemical quality, dental health, design criteria, fluoridation, fluoride removal, fluorides, health hazards, lime, nalgonda technique, quality guidelines, sdiwat, treatment costs |
| Abstract | This monograph on fluoride in drinking water for health workers and sanitary engineers focuses on the removal of excessive fluoride. The monograph begins with an overview on fluoride occurrence, geochemistry and exposure, followed by an assessment of human health risks of fluoride including skeletal and dental fluorosis. It then briefly discusses the derivation and application of the 1996 World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value (1.5 mg/l) for fluorides in water. The chapter on removal of excessive fluoride introduces the basic characterization of the removal methods. Then the most promising defluoridation methods are presented, one by one: bone charcoal, contact precipitation, Nalgonda, activated alumina and clay. It then gives an overview of the most commonly used primary analytical methods for laboratory determination of total fluoride in drinking-water. Finally the monograph provides a synthesis of reported information on fluoride exposure on a country-by-country basis. It outlines the health effects, fluoride levels recorded in drinking-water and also, where details are available, mitigation measures that have been used. |
| Notes | Includes references and index |
| Custom 1 | 257, 203.3 |
