Financing on-site sanitation for the poor : a six country comparative review and analysis

This study aims to improve understanding of the finance of on-site household sanitation through careful analysis of practical field experience in a wide range of projects. The study reviews on-site sanitation financing in six carefully selected case studies by examining: The financing sources and the financing approaches: What share is paid by each source, and how? and what public funding mechanisms are used, including hardware subsidies, software support, or facilitated access to credit? In addition to summarizing the mechanics of each approach, all case studies were reviewed in terms of common evaluation criteria: Impact on sustainable access to services; Costs; Effectiveness in the use of public funds; Poverty targeting; Financial sustainability; and Scalability. The case studies were selected to reflect a range of household sanitation financing approaches and contexts; the chosen projects were located in Bangladesh, Ecuador, Maharashtra (India), Mozambique, Senegal and Vietnam. The Sanitation and Hygiene Global Practice Team of the World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) initially conceptualized this study to offer better guidance to sector professionals developing on-site sanitation projects and programs.