Fluoride, although an additive in many drinking water systems, can be toxic if present in large amounts, particularly in areas where malnutrition and/or low protein intakes are present.
Title | Defluoridation of drinking water by using magnesia and polyaluminium chloride |
Publication Type | Miscellaneous |
Year of Publication | 1991 |
Authors | Singano, J |
Secondary Title | Publication Series B / Tampere University of Technology |
Volume | no. 48 |
Pagination | 77 p.: 14 fig., 38 tab. |
Date Published | 1991-01-01 |
Publisher | Tampere University of Technology, Institute of Water and Environmental Engineeri |
Place Published | Tampere, Finland |
ISBN Number | 9517217633 |
Keywords | cab91/6, coagulants/flocculants, filtration media, fluoride removal, laboratory testing, pilot plants, polyaluminium chloride, tanzania, treatment costs |
Abstract | Fluoride, although an additive in many drinking water systems, can be toxic if present in large amounts, particularly in areas where malnutrition and/or low protein intakes are present. Defluoridation techniques are difficult to prescribe due to the myriad of chemical interactions which occur with other constituents present in natural water sources. This report outlines the physical and chemical characteristics of magnesia and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and details test results of both compounds used separately and in combination as defluoridation filter media. This method was proposed for northern Tanzania, where fluoride levels are in excess of six times the WHO acceptable level. The economic analyses found PAC alone to be substantially cheaper than magnesia or the combination, but the magnesia is locally available and the PAC must be imported. |
Notes | 57 ref. |
Custom 1 | 257 |