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Fluoride, although an additive in many drinking water systems, can be toxic if present in large amounts, particularly in areas where malnutrition and/or low protein intakes are present.

TitleDefluoridation of drinking water by using magnesia and polyaluminium chloride
Publication TypeMiscellaneous
Year of Publication1991
AuthorsSingano, J
Secondary TitlePublication Series B / Tampere University of Technology
Volumeno. 48
Pagination77 p.: 14 fig., 38 tab.
Date Published1991-01-01
PublisherTampere University of Technology, Institute of Water and Environmental Engineeri
Place PublishedTampere, Finland
ISBN Number9517217633
Keywordscab91/6, coagulants/flocculants, filtration media, fluoride removal, laboratory testing, pilot plants, polyaluminium chloride, tanzania, treatment costs
Abstract

Fluoride, although an additive in many drinking water systems, can be toxic if present in large amounts, particularly in areas where malnutrition and/or low protein intakes are present. Defluoridation techniques are difficult to prescribe due to the myriad of chemical interactions which occur with other constituents present in natural water sources. This report outlines the physical and chemical characteristics of magnesia and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and details test results of both compounds used separately and in combination as defluoridation filter media. This method was proposed for northern Tanzania, where fluoride levels are in excess of six times the WHO acceptable level. The economic analyses found PAC alone to be substantially cheaper than magnesia or the combination, but the magnesia is locally available and the PAC must be imported.

Notes57 ref.
Custom 1257

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