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In North Gujarat, India, where groundwater contains more than the permissible limit of fluoride, safe drinking water with a fluoride content of less than 1.5 mg/l can be supplied by: i. installation of defluoridation plants or ii.

TitleApplication of defluoridation plants for rural water supply in North Gujarat (India)
Publication TypeMiscellaneous
Year of Publication1995
AuthorsJethwa, RA
Secondary TitleM.Sc. Thesis E.E. / IHE
Volumeno. 172
Paginationvi, 121 p.: fig., tab.
Date Published1995-01-01
PublisherIHE (International Institute for Infrastructural, Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering)
Place PublishedDelft, The Netherlands
Keywordsadsorption, alum, cab95/2, calcium phosphate, coagulation/flocculation, ferric chloride, field studies, fluoride removal, india gujarat, laboratory testing, nalgonda technique, rural supply systems
Abstract

In North Gujarat, India, where groundwater contains more than the permissible limit of fluoride, safe drinking water with a fluoride content of less than 1.5 mg/l can be supplied by: i. installation of defluoridation plants or ii. through augmenting supplies with piped surface water from a distant alternative source. This study examines which of the above options would help solve the problem as described. Literature was studied on the occurrence of fluoride in groundwater, the health effects, and on the available technologies for fluoride removal. Laboratory tests on the removal of fluoride through coagulation and adsorption were performed. The tests looked to establish removal efficiencies in ideal conditions. A field study was also carried out in the Mehsana district of North Gujarat to evaluate the performance of existing defluoridation plants based on the Nalgonda process. One of the findings was that defluoridation of groundwater based on this process should be viewed as an immediate solution before implementing water supplies based on a surface water source. The report also suggests that movable defluoridation plants were best suited for use in the worst affected villages, as new alternative surface water sources would take a considerable time to implement. The double amount of iron chloride was found to be required to give the same fluoride removal efficiency as with aluminium salts (alum) used as coagulant. The report also details the effectiveness of the SPADNS method and the Electrode Method using iron chloride and aluminium salts (alum) as coagulant. In adsorption tests only phosphatic compounds (calcium phosphate) were found to be effective in the removal of fluoride.

Notes29 ref. - Includes paper entitled: Determination of fluoride ion in water
Custom 1257, 822

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