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IRC publie les résultats d’une recherche sur le coût, la performance et la régulation des services d’eau dans 6 petites villes, au Burkina Faso. Cette recherche utilise l’Approche des Coûts à Long Terme et l’Approche Fourniture de Service pour évaluer et comparer le coût et la performance de services d’eau assurés par réseau et de services assurés par des forages équipés de pompe à motricité humaine (PMH). Elle démontre que, grâce aux économies d’échelle dont bénéficie la distribution en réseau, il est moins coûteux d’approvisionner les usagers par borne-fontaine ou branchement privé que par PMH,tout en leur fournissant un niveau de service supérieur,y compris dans le cas du petit réseau de Titabé (capacité de 1500 usagers). Ce document de recherche montre aussi que la régulation des services d’eau ne favorise pas le développement du service le plus performant et formule des recommandations pour améliorer les fonctions de régulation exercées au niveau des communes et du ministère de l’eau. [authors abstracts]

This pilot research study on the impact of menstrual hygiene on girls in school is primarily aimed at the Ministry of Education and Sports and the National Sanitation Working Group.

Powerpoint presentation on life developing, testing and using service delivery indicators in Burkina Faso.

Powerpoint presentation on life cycle costs approach in Burkina Faso.

Service delivery indicators refer to sets of indicators that allow measuring rural water service delivery, as expressed in terms of the level of water service provided, as well as performance of service providers and service authorities. They can be used to provide a comprehensive picture of service delivery, going beyond traditional indicator sets focused on coverage and functionality facilities. This paper presents the development and use of such indicators in various countries. The definition and scoring of the indicators is country specific and ideally based on national norms and standards, as set by government. Its main added value lies in the potential for monitoring water services, informing direct support to service providers and capacity support to service authorities. It has also the potential to stimulate and facilitate better regulation of rural services. Finally, findings from the use of service delivery indicators, inform sector discussions and debate. One of the critical drawbacks of the service delivery indicators is that they represent a bigger set of data to be collected. [authors abstract]

Powerpoint presentation on financing the life cycle cost gap in Mozambique.

Depuis les quatre dernières années, les équipes WASHCost au Burkina Faso, au Ghana, en Andhra Pradesh (Inde) et au Mozambique ont collecté, validé et analysé les informations sur les coûts et les niveaux de service d'eau potable, d'assainissement et d'hygiène. Ce dépliant donne un aperçu des coûts de référence minimum pour déterminer les coûts d'un service de base dans les pays en développement. Ces prix de référence ont été déterminés à partir des bases de données WASHCost et des meilleures données mises à disposition par d'autres organisations de par le monde. Ils ont donc été établis à partir de données exhaustives et qualitativement comparables sur les coûts et les niveaux de service disponibles dans les zones rurales et péri-urbaines des pays en développement. Les prix de référence sont utiles à la planification, au contrôle de la durabilité du point de vue des coûts, et à l’évaluation du rapport qualité-prix. [abstrait d'auteurs]

Each year 290,000 women die from complications during pregnancy, birth and the neonatal period; and, an estimated 10 to 20 million women suffer from related health complications. Almost 90% of the maternal deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Much of this is preventable through practices that have long been established. Maternal mortality has decreased by one-third over the past 20 years, in part related to increase in safe deliveries by skilled personnel, reduced fertility and antenatal care. However, these substantial improvements have not benefited rich and poor alike. The burden of mortality and morbidity falls disproportionately on the poor and remains a great challenge in our world. [authors abstract]

Cette plaquette propose une description succincte de l’apprentissage sectoriel et de son potentiel pour réaliser des avancées dans le secteur. [abstraite auteurs]

Powerpointpresentation on learning initiative for the permanent supply of drinking water. [authors abstract]

This is a USAID West Africa Water Sanitation and Hygiene Program (USAID WA-WASH) publication.

Mobile Phones for improved Water access (M4W) is an initiative to improve functionality of rural drinking water sources by reducing the downtime and improve the Operations and Maintenance (O&M) support system. M4W is being piloted in 7 districts where water users can send a SMS to report a fault at a water source. This triggers action by the Hand Pump Mechanic and the follow‐up can be monitored by the district water office, using the internet. The information collected though M4W can directly be fed into the WATSUP (Water Atlas Update Project) database, which will continuously be updated by M4W, meaning that with the M4W innovation, the WATSUP (Water Atlas Update Project) database will have realtime information on the status of the water sources. This briefing note explains how the system works and reports progress from the pilot districts. [authors abstract]

This is part of the Triple-S (Sustainable Services at Scale) Water services that last-project.

Le Burkina Faso fait partie des nombreux pays qui ont adhéré aux objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMD) et, notamment, à l’objectif 7 qui vise à réduire de moitié la population privée d’accès à l’eau potable d’ici 2015. Cet engagement a supposé de définir une méthodologie et de mettre en place un dispositif de suivi pour décompter la population ayant accès à l’eau potable. En réalité, la méthodologie adoptée consiste à mesurer le taux d’accès théorique aux systèmes de distribution d’eau potable. Elle ne permet pas de connaître le taux d’accès réel à l’eau potable. En outre, le dispositif de suivi se limite à une mesure annuelle de la fonctionnalité des systèmes, et s’avère largement insuffisant, tant pour connaître l’accès aux systèmes au niveau national, que pour appuyer les communes dans la gestion des équipements situés sur leur territoire. Face à ces constats, ce document de travail propose une alternative méthodologique et des outils qui permettent de connaître l’accès réel des populations aux services d’eau potable. Cette méthodologie repose sur la notion de service et propose des indicateurs d’évaluation et de suivi conformes à la réglementation en vigueur au Burkina Faso. Elle s’appuie sur le concept d’échelle de service dont les niveaux s’articulent autour du service de base tel que défini par les normes burkinabés. Les outils proposés permettent d’opérationnaliser la méthodologie, donc d’évaluer l’accès réel des populations aux services d’eau, de suivre l’évolution de cet accès dans le temps et, finalement, de gérer à l’échelle communale la fourniture des services d’eau potable. La méthodologie et les outils afférants supposent une collecte massive de données que les téléphones de dernière génération permettent de réaliser. La gestion des informations ainsi collectées peut s’opérer via des bases de données accessibles sur internet, sans nécessiter l’achat et l’entretien d’un serveur.

Autrement dit, l’alternative proposée dans ce document de travail est parfaitement opérationnelle, y compris à l’échelle nationale. Dans une première partie, nous décrivons la méthode actuellement retenue par les instances burkinabés pour évaluer l’accès à l’eau potable et en analysons les limites. Dans une deuxième partie, nous présentons une méthode alternative, centrée sur les notions de service, d’échelle de service et de niveaux de service. Dans une troisième partie, nous déclinons les outils qui permettent d’opérationnaliser cette approche en nous appuyant sur des illustrations
concrètes. Dans une quatrième partie, nous expliquons en quoi cette méthode et les outils associés constituent des outils d’aide à la décision qui permettent de développer une gestion communale des services d’eau potable. Enfin une conclusion et quelques réflexions forment la dernière partie de ce document de travail. [authors abstract]

Powerpointpresentation on enhancing community participation in operation and maintenance of water and sanitation facilities.

IRC and partner organisations are pressing for the value of water use for food and income at household level to be accorded greater recognition and reflected in bylaws and local policies, as well as in the implementation of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programmes. Families earn an income and improve their diets when they can be productive at or near their homes.

Conventional sanitation ladders rank sanitation in increasing complexity of technological options. However, sanitation improvement is not as straightforward as the concept of “a ladder” with incremental improvements from op full flush, might suggest. For example, from the user perspective, a VIP toilet may in some circumstances be a better option than a septic tank system. There is a wide gap between technologies and service provision, especially when O&M considerations are taken into account. This working paper from IRC’s WASHCost project sets out a common framework to analyse and compare sanitation cost data being collected across different country contexts (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique, India) with different service delivery norms and standards. It represents a fundamental shift away from the focus on capital investment costs, to the costs of sustainable sanitation services. (Authors' abstract)

Document outlining the process of development, verification and refinement of service level and sustainability indicators for rural water services in Ghana. 

Conventional sanitation ladders rank sanitation in increasing complexity of technological options. However, sanitation improvement is not as straightforward as the concept of “a ladder” with incremental improvements from op full flush, might suggest. For example, from the user perspective, a VIP toilet may in some circumstances be a better option than a septic tank system. There is a wide gap between technologies and service provision, especially when O&M considerations are taken into account. This working paper from IRC’s WASHCost project sets out a common framework to analyse and compare sanitation cost data being collected across different country contexts (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique, India) with different service delivery norms and standards. It represents a fundamental shift away from the focus on capital investment costs, to the costs of sustainable sanitation services. (Authors' abstract)

Nearly 60 representatives from 44 different organisations participated in the London Sustainable WASH learning event held on 31 January 2012. Actors in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector are increasingly aware that enhanced progress depends on a greater focus on the sustainability of investments. Yet changing the last 20 years’ of ‘business as usual’ to re-focus on service outcomes rather than infrastructure outputs is an on-going and challenging process. It requires new tools, and approaches, and collaborative learning between implementers, donors and beneficiaries. Developing and promoting these practices is the objective of the Sustainable Services at Scale Initiative (Triple-S). This report provides a snapshot from one of the sustainable WASH learning events as part of facilitating and promoting this process of long-term change. [authors abstract]

A series of Working Papers developed as part of the Triple-S project.

Triple-S is a six year multi-country learning initiative that will contribute to addressing the challenge of sustainability of rural water supply. This is the vision of Triple-S: sustainable rural water services at scale. To achieve this vision means shifting from a focus on constructing infrastructure under projects or programmes towards the delivery of services that can be supported and sustained indefinitely. This shift has implications both for government and other national stakeholders – who must take an increasing leadership role – as well as for development partners, who must move from a fragmented and competing way of working to a more coordinated and harmonised approach to supporting government-led priorities. [authors abstract]

This is part of the Triple-S (Sustainable Services at Scale) Water services that last-project.

Briefing note with key findings on the comparison of the financial costs of a range of traditional and improved latrines and the quality of service delivered to users.

This paper examines the aid effectiveness agenda and reviews its implementation at international and various regional and country levels.

Em 2008 foi introduzida uma nova abordagem de gestão do PEC (Participação e Educação Comunitário) através de contractos únicos para um ano num distrito inteiro. Esta abordagem é conhecida por PEC Zonal. A experiência piloto foi em 18 distritos na zona centro do país, mas em 2011 o governo decidiu expandir esta abordagem para todo o país, como resultado da constatação feita em prol dos ganhos que ela representa para a sustentabilidade do processo de abastecimento de água, saneamento e promoção de higiene. O presente documento tem dois objectivos fundamentais: primeiro, apresentar e analisar os valores dos contractos do PEC Zonal (2008-2011), e segundo, prever os custos para 2012 a 2016. [authors abstract]

Climate change has the potential to impact on both the supply and demand sides of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) delivery systems.  Some potential impacts are likely to be direct and very obvious (e.g. increased incidence of extreme floods that damage WASH infrastructure), whereas others are likely to be indirect, insidious and more uncertain in nature and severity (e.g. sea level rise leading to out-migration from coastal areas).  Just as importantly, potential climate change impacts may be exacerbated by other changes that are also subject to a high degree of uncertainty (e.g. increased competition for safe water between the WASH and agricultural sectors).  This Thematic Overview Paper (TOP) is targeted at WASH professionals and practitioners who recognise the need for climate change adaptation, but are not sure what to do or how to plan for it, and/or who themselves, may already be struggling with major challenges in improving or maintaining current WASH services. More specifically, this TOP recommends a range of practical and well-proven methods and tools for managing risk and uncertainty linked to climate change and other factors for WASH practitioners to use. The approach recommended is based on three principles, consistent with statements arising from the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen. [authors abstract]

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